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Enabling Muslim girls to play sport and be active

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Research purpose

The experiences of Muslim girls and women participating in sport and physical activity are diverse, and can be influenced by a range of factors, including social, cultural, religious and economic factors.

This research examined barriers to participation in sport and physical activity experienced by Muslim girls, and highlights opportunities and solutions to overcoming these barriers.

It was undertaken by the RMIT Social and Global Studies Centre, funded through the Change Our Game Research Grants Program. It was released in June 2023.

Research methodology

Researchers worked with families at an Islamic school located in Melbourne’s north to understand parents’ attitudes, namely mothers, and how they play a critical role in facilitating or inhibiting their daughters’ participation in sport.

Key findings

There are many enablers to supporting Muslim girls play sport, and working together is important to effectively address barriers to their participation.

The research recommended a multifaceted approach, bringing together girls, families, schools, communities, council, sport clubs, and policymakers to collectively enable more Muslim girls to participate in sport and physical activity.

Why is this important?

Muslim girls face a range of barriers to participating in sport and physical activity. These can be individual, such as appropriate sporting uniform, through to social and cultural barriers, such as discrimination.

By building greater understanding of the cultural context for Muslim girls and their families, workable solutions can be determined to address these, whilst building an inclusive and safe community sporting club.

I felt okay with it, it was a normal thing to me. And seeing other girls  participate, wearing clothing like  me, that kind of just helped me too. The program, it’s a multicultural thing. So, there are girls from every single background. And there were two other Muslim girls who were also wearing a scarf like me.
Participant Rina on adapting the AFL uniform to suit her religious beliefs

What can you do about it?

There are many enablers to supporting Muslim girls to play sport, and working together is important to address barriers to participation.

Sporting clubs

Role: Deliverer
Clubs provide sport participation, volunteering and social connection opportunities for girls and their families.

Recommendations:

  • Work with parents and girls to provide flexible uniforms and develop inclusive policies, that include wearing the hijab. Including a variety of culturally appropriate uniform options that have official club logos can help create a sense of inclusion and belonging.
  • Work with parents to provide inclusive social activities, and foster understanding of cultural considerations, such as club social activities where alcohol is consumed.\
  • Provide education sessions through the club, to address racism and Islamophobia and promote a safe social and cultural space for Muslim girls.
  • Offer come and try programs for mums to participate in, to address the stigma and sense of social exclusion, through engaging them to play the sport.
  • Connect with local schools, a safe point of connection with families and to offer free or low-cost participation programs to girls on the school grounds.
  • Provide work experience opportunities at the club for Muslim girls, to introduce them to roles other than as players and as an introduction to the sport industry.
  • Provide families with financial support, where the club can, or promote financial support options available for families who cannot afford to pay the fees and purchase the necessary equipment and appropriate sportswear for girls to play,
    such as via the Get Active Kids program.

Councils

Role: Promoter
Councils can promote opportunities and increase visibility for women and girls to participate in community sport.

Recommendations:

  • Provide transport solutions which offer safer bicycle paths, to encourage and increase physical activity.
  • Promote Muslim women role models and sport programs, through council communication channels, to increase the visibility and representation of Muslim women and girls playing sport within the community, including images with those wearing a hijab.
  • Build trusting relationships between the council, local Islamic schools and sporting clubs, through a sports inclusion officer at council, to work directly with schools and clubs in partnership. to promote participation of Muslim women and girls in sport.
  • Promote the financial supports available for sport participation, for example via the Get Active Kids program as well as any grants provided via council.
  • Promote and financially support existing community initiatives and programs that cater for the needs of Muslim girls and women.

Schools

Role: Connector
Schools are culturally and socially safe places and a can be point for community connection beyond children’s education.
Recommendations:

  • Utilise the ‘physical, cultural and social’ safety of schools, to facilitate working together with communities, local council and local sporting clubs.
  • Build trust with parents to build support for girls’ participation in sport.
  • Provide education and promote participation in sport to parents to highlight that sport and physical activity contributes to better health and academic performance.
  • Invest time and resources in establishing a trusting relationship between the school and local council, eg. through a community engagement officer role at the school to promote participation of Muslim women and girls in sport and work directly with the sports inclusion officer at the local council.
  • Offer free or low-cost programs on the school grounds for girls, including those delivered by clubs.
  • Engage Muslim women athletes (in hijab) to visit the school to talk to young girls about the paths they have taken to engage in sport.
  • Promote the financial supports available for sport participation to parents, for example via the Get Active Kids program.

Muslim parents

Role: Enabler
Families have lived experience and can build understanding of others regarding cultural barriers and enablers to participate.

Recommendations:

  • Actively participate in the sporting club, either participating in sporting programs and/or taking up administrative roles within the club.
  • Build understanding of the benefits of girls playing sport – wellbeing and academic performance.
  • Work with clubs to share experiences and actively support positive changes by clubs to address barriers to girls’ participation, such as appropriate uniform options.

Muslim girls

Role: Participant
Girls understand what motivates or inhibits them from playing sport and connecting with their peers.

Recommendations:

  • Support parents’ understanding of the academic and well-being benefits of playing sport

Access the full report

Page last updated:  12 September 2024

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